Special thanks to Anne Holcomb for her assistance with newspaper archives at the Kalamazoo Gazette Library and to Dr. Conrad Hilberry for his suggestions.
Garbarino, James. Lost Boys: Why Our Sons turn Violent and How We Can Save Them. New York: The Free Press, 1999.
Hesse, Herman. Steppenwolf. 1927. Picador, 2002.
Hilberry, Conrad. Luke Karamazov. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1987.
Newton, Michael The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. Checkmark Books, 2nd Edition, 2006.
Articles from The Kalamazoo Gazette, 1964 and 1972-1981.
Interview with Hilberry in Tamaqua, 1995.
Personal interview with Conrad Hilberry.
Moffat, Gregory. A Violent Heart. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002.
Niehoff, Debra. The Biology of Violence.
Schlesinger, Louis. Sexual Murder: Catathymic and Compulsive Homicides. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2004.
Smith, Helen. The Scarred Heart: Understanding and Identifying Kids who Kill. Callisto, 2000.
Private correspondence with a prisoner in the Michigan system.



